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Spotted Wing Drosophila

 

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) -- Diptera:  Drosophillidae

 

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       This Drosophila, or cherry vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).  In June 2009 the insect was trapped over a wide area in northern California including Santa Clara, San Benito, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties.  This fly is now considered established in California.  Spotted wing Drosophila is a small fly, around 2.6-2.8 mm in length, beige-yellow in color with brown bands on the abdomen. Adults have characteristic bright red eyes, and male flies have a prominent dark spot on the distal margin of the wings.  This fly is native to Asia and has been recorded from China, Japan, Korea, and Thailand.  This pest is also problematic in Spain and Hawaii.

 

       This fly damages berry crops, especially fresh cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries.  It may also attack grapes, and some stone fruits. White legless maggots feeding internally on fruit pulp cause damage to berries.  Female flies use their ovipositor, a type of egg laying tube, to puncture or "sting" the skin of healthy growing berries and the egg is inserted into this wound.  Fluids may leak from this puncture, and often rot-type pathogens will enter the wound also causing damage.  Spotted wing drosophila has short generation times.  It has been estimated that during cherry fruiting season the fly may have up to 2-3 generations, and over the course of the year, as many as 10-15, depending on location and local climatic conditions.  Prolonged temperatures around or in excess of 30oC (86oF) may be detrimental to fly populations

 

REFERENCES:

 

Ballman, Elissa S; Judith A. Collins  & Francis A.  Drummond, Francis A.  2017.  Pupation Behavior and Predation on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Pupae in Maine Wild Blueberry Fields.  Journal of Economic Entomology 110 (6):  2308–2317.

 

Becher, Paul G.; Rasmus E. Jensen, Myrsini E. Natsopoulou,  Vasiliki Verschut  & H. De Fine Henrik.  2018.  Infection of Drosophila suzukii with the obligate insect-pathogenic fungus Entomophthora muscae.  Journal of Pest Science. 91 (2):  781–787.

 

Bolda, M. P., R. E. Goodhue  & Frank G. Zalom.  2010.  Spotted wing Drosophila: potential economic impact of a newly established pest.  Agric. Resour. Econ. Updat. 13:   5–8.

 

Bolda, Mark P.; Rachael F. Goodhue  &  Frank G. Zalom.  2009.  Spotted Wing Drosophila: Potential Economic Impact of Newly Established Pest.  Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California.

 

Cuthbertson, Andrew G. S.; Debbie A. Collins, Lisa F. Blackburn, Audsley, Neil  &  Howard A. Bell.  2014.  Preliminary Screening of Potential Control Products against Drosophila suzukii.  Insects. 5 (2):  488–498.

 

Dam, Doriane; Daniel Molitor  &  Marco Beyer.  2019.  Natural compounds for controlling Drosophila suzukii.  Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 39:  6.

 

 Davis, Frederick & Simon Pearson.  2020.   The use of light spectrum blocking films to reduce populations of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in fruit crops.   Scientific Reports. 10 (1):  153-158.

 

Hamby, Kelly A.;  Alejandro Hernαndez,  Kyria Boundy-Mills  &  Frank G. Zalom.  2012.  Associations of Yeasts with Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii; Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherries and Raspberries.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78 (14):  4869–4873.

 

Matsumura, S.  1931.  6000 illustrated insects of Japan-Empire (in Japanese).  Tokyo, Japan: Toko Shoin. pp. 1689.

 

Nomano, Fumiaki Y.; Nazuki Kasuya, Akira Matsuura,  Awit Suwito,  Hideyuki Mitsui,  Matthew L. Buffington & Mashito T. Kimura.  2017.  Genetic differentiation of Ganaspis brasiliensis (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) from East and Southeast Asia.  Applied Entomology and Zoology 52 (3):  429–437.

 

Renkema, Justin M. & Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson.  2018.  Impact of multiple natural enemies on immature Drosophila suzukii in strawberries and blueberries.  BioControl. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 63 (5):  719–728.

 

Simmons, Fred H & Timothy J. Bradley.  1997.   An analysis of resource allocation in response to dietary yeast in Drosophila melanogaster.   Journal of Insect Physiology. 43 (8):  779–788.

 

Starmer, William T.  1981.  A comparison of Drosophila habitats according to the physiological attributes of the associated yeast communities.  Evolution. 35 (1):  38–52.

 

Walsh, Douglas B.; Mark P. Bolda, Rachael E. Goodhue, Amy J. Dreves, Jana Lee,  Denny J. Bruck, Vaughn M. Walton,  Sally D. O'Neal  &  Frank G. Zalom, Frank G.  2011.  Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): invasive pest of ripening soft fruit expanding its geographic range and damage potential.   Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 2 (1):  G1–G7.

 

Woltz, J. M.; K. M. Donahue, D. J. Bruck  &  J. C. Lee.  2015.   Efficacy of commercially available predators, nematodes and fungal entomopathogens for augmentative control of Drosophila suzukii.  Journal of Applied Entomology. 139 (10):  759–770.